Fluorescent probe has been applied to analyze organophosphorus pesticides 15, organochlorine pesticides 16 and carbamate pesticides 17. Especially, azobenzene fluorescent probe exhibits outstanding fluorescent quantum yield, light stability 13, and chemical and thermal stability 14. Herein, considering the potential harm of abamectin B 1 for public health, a convenient and accurate analysis method for residual abamectin B 1 is necessary 10, 11.įluorescent probe has gained great attention in recent years owing to high sensitivity, high selectivity, fast response, low cost, and direct detection 12.
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Whereas, in most case, these approaches either needed a time-consuming process, high-cost accurate instrument, and high professional operators, which makes them difficult to apply in general laboratories 10. To detect avermectins (Abamectin B 1), various analytical approaches were employed, involving high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) 4, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) 6, high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detector (HPLC-FLD) 7, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 8 and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) 9. However, the spread use of avermectins tends to result in consecutive accumulation in food-producing animals and plants 4, 5. Abamectin B 1, is the only avermectin that has been widely approved for plants and animals because of its efficient antiparasitic activity 2, 3. The results indicate that the octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe can be expected to be reliable for evaluating abamectin B 1 in agricultural foods.Īvermectins, being one type of macrolide antibiotics, have been widely used as bactericide, insecticide and miticide for plants or animals, which have excellent characteristics of disturbing the target's neurophysiological activities and can easily be decomposed by soil microorganisms 1.
Six carboxyl recognition sites, three azo groups and unique fluorescence signal towards abamectin B 1 of this fluorescent probe demonstrated reasonable sensitivity, specificity and selectivity. Good reproducibility was present based on relative standard deviation of 2.2%. Furthermore, a facile quantitative detection of the residual abamectin B 1 in apples was achieved.
The mechanism of this probe to identify abamectin B 1 was illustrated in terms of undergoing aromatic nucleophilic substitution, by comparing fluorescence changes, FT-IR and ESI-MS. A proper determination condition was optimized, with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.3 µg L −1 and 4.4 μg L −1, respectively. The TPB molecule has been characterized by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrometry, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and fluorescent spectra. Herein, we synthesized a octopus-like azobenzene fluorescent probe 1,3,5-tris (5′- benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) benzene (TPB) for preliminary detection of abamectin B 1 in apples. The development of detecting residual level of abamectin B 1 in apples is of great importance to public health.